كتاب رواد علم الجغرافية في الحضارة العربية والإسلامية - علي بن عبد الله الدفاع

الكاتب: كوكب المنى تاريخ النشر: ديسمبر 28, 2023 آخر تحديث: ديسمبر 28, 2023 وقت القراءة:

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كتاب رواد علم الجغرافية في الحضارة العربية والإسلامية - علي بن عبد الله الدفاع

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الأستاذ الدكتور

علي بن عبد الله الدفاع

أستاذ الرياضيات وتاريخ العلوم التجريبية

بجامعة الملك فهد للبترول والمعادن

ورئيس الفيزيائيين والرياضيين العرب

مكتبة التوبة

الطبعة الثانية

1414هـ - 1993م

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هنااااااااااا

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'share', 'label': ''}, {'name': 'labels', 'label': 'Tags'}]}, {'title': '\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644', 'type': 'HTML', 'sectionId': 'iqraaads-inposts', 'id': 'HTML301'}, {'title': '\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644', 'type': 'HTML', 'sectionId': 'iqraaads-inposts', 'id': 'HTML302'}, {'title': '\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644', 'type': 'HTML', 'sectionId': 'iqraaads-inposts', 'id': 'HTML303'}, {'title': '\u0623\u0633\u0641\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631\u0629 3', 'type': 'HTML', 'sectionId': 'iqraaads-inposts', 'id': 'HTML325'}, {'title': '\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649', 'type': 'LinkList', 'sectionId': 'social-widget', 'id': 'LinkList75'}, {'title': '\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a', 'type': 'HTML', 'sectionId': 'iqraaads-sidbar', 'id': 'HTML298'}, {'title': '\u0623\u0642\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639', 'type': 'Label', 'sectionId': 'sidebar2', 'id': 'Label1'}, {'title': '\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a (\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0648\u062a\u0631)', 'type': 'HTML', 'sectionId': 'iqraaads-footert', 'id': 'HTML297'}, {'title': '\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0627\u062a', 'type': 'LinkList', 'sectionId': 'iFooterPagesList', 'id': 'LinkList76'}, {'title': '\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0644', 'type': 'ContactForm', 'sectionId': 'hidden-widgets', 'id': 'ContactForm1'}]}]); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList71', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList71'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList60', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList60'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList70', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList70'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList68', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList68'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList65', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList65'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList77', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList77'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML500', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('HTML500'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList81', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList81'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList82', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList82'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList83', 'iqraa-controlpanel', document.getElementById('LinkList83'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList67', 'IRPCOntrol', document.getElementById('LinkList67'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList89', 'iSMPControl', document.getElementById('LinkList89'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList72', 'iTopPagesList', document.getElementById('LinkList72'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList73', 'iTopSocialBTNs', document.getElementById('LinkList73'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HeaderView', new _WidgetInfo('Header1', 'iBlogLogo', document.getElementById('Header1'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_LinkListView', new _WidgetInfo('LinkList74', 'main-menu', document.getElementById('LinkList74'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML290', 'iqraaads-hometop', document.getElementById('HTML290'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ImageView', new _WidgetInfo('Image1', 'iFeaturedLabels', document.getElementById('Image1'), {'resize': false}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ImageView', new _WidgetInfo('Image2', 'iFeaturedLabels', document.getElementById('Image2'), {'resize': false}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ImageView', new _WidgetInfo('Image3', 'iFeaturedLabels', document.getElementById('Image3'), {'resize': false}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ImageView', new _WidgetInfo('Image4', 'iFeaturedLabels', document.getElementById('Image4'), {'resize': false}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML291', 'iqraaads-homepoststop', document.getElementById('HTML291'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_BlogView', new _WidgetInfo('Blog1', 'main', document.getElementById('Blog1'), {'cmtInteractionsEnabled': false, 'lightboxEnabled': true, 'lightboxModuleUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/jsbin/453714976-lbx__ar.js', 'lightboxCssUrl': 'https://www.blogger.com/static/v1/v-css/13464135-lightbox_bundle_rtl.css'}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML301', 'iqraaads-inposts', document.getElementById('HTML301'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new _WidgetInfo('HTML302', 'iqraaads-inposts', document.getElementById('HTML302'), {}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_HTMLView', new 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{}, 'displayModeFull')); _WidgetManager._RegisterWidget('_ContactFormView', new _WidgetInfo('ContactForm1', 'hidden-widgets', document.getElementById('ContactForm1'), {'contactFormMessageSendingMsg': '\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064d \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644...', 'contactFormMessageSentMsg': '\u062a\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643.', 'contactFormMessageNotSentMsg': '\u062a\u0639\u0630\u0631 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0629\u060c \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0642\u062a \u0644\u0627\u062d\u0642.', 'contactFormInvalidEmailMsg': '\u064a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d.', 'contactFormEmptyMessageMsg': '\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 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