التلوث البيئي للترب الزراعية في ناحية الجسر (قضاء المدائن)
وأثره على الإنتاج الزراعي
رسالة ماجستير تقدم بها
حيدر هادي جواد العبيدي
إلى مجلس كلية التربية الأساسية – الجامعة المستنصرية
وهي جزء من متطلبات نيل شهادة الماجستير
في الجغرافية
بإشراف
أ.د. شهلة ذاكر توفيق العاني
1443هـ - 2022م
Environmental pollution of agricultural soils in Al-Jisr district (Al-Madaen district) and its impact on agricultural production
a master’s thesis submitted by
Haider Hadi Jawad Al-Obaidi
to
the Council of the College of Basic Education - Al-Mustansiriya
University, and it is part of the requirements for obtaining a master’s
certificate in geography
Supervised by by
Prof. Shahla Zakir Tawfiq Al-Ani
1443 AH 2022 - AD
Abstract:
Soil is the suitable and necessary environment for plant growth, as it
is a major future for many chemical residues used in society, and when
these materials enter the soil, they become part of it and affect all
forms of life. Al-Jisr district, which is located within the sedimentary
plain range, it is one of the districts belonging to the district of
Al-Madain in the province of Baghdad, which is located in the
southeastern part of the capital, Baghdad. The research aims to address
this by highlighting the characteristics of the natural and human
sources of pollution, the study aims to know the extent to which the
soil of the bridge area is exposed to pollution with heavy and toxic
elements, as well as to shed light on the emergence and exacerbation of
the pollution phenomenon, and then determine the concentration of
pollutants studied in the field through sampling and determining the
extent of their laboratory validity The thesis followed the analytical
research method, which is based on the analysis of the phenomenon and
the study of the factors affecting it by following the quantitative and
descriptive method. And comparing it with international and Iraqi
standards to show its suitability, and the natural geographical factors
represented by the characteristics of the climate and water resources,
as well as the geological characteristics of the mother material from
which the soil was formed, interacted in highlighting the
characteristics of the natural sources of pollution for agricultural
soils in the study area.
The study aims to know the variation in pollution levels in the area
of the bridge and its impact on agricultural production and to determine
their concentrations in the soil of the rivers and their basins, and to
draw a geographical variation (seasonal and spatial) for these
concentrations, as well as to search for the sources that cause
pollution and analyze the role of the factors that affect that with
clarification of the spatial relationship to production Agricultural
crops and soil pollution in the study area, where (40) soil samples were
collected for the summer and winter seasons in(10) counties for
cultivated and uncultivated soils at a depth of (0-30) cm, with (20)
samples at the beginning of the winter season taken on 30/1/2021 for
soils of rivers and basins as well as (20) samples in the summer season
on 3/7 /2021, rivers and wells water samples were also collected with
(40) samples for the winter and summer seasons in (10) provinces by (20)
samples for river water (Diyala, Tigris) and for the winter and summer
season, and (20) samples for well water and for the summer and winter
seasons and for all provinces. Where laboratory analyzes of soil and
water samples were carried out, physical (soil texture, bulk density,
turbidity) and chemical (total dissolved salts T.D., electrical
conductivity EC, degree of The interaction of soil pH, calcium,
magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorides, bicarbonates, carbonates,
sulfates, organic matter and the exchange capacity of positive ions) as
well as heavy and toxic elements to know the concentrations of these
elements in soil and water in the study area, and the study showed there
is a spatio-temporal variation in the distribution of pollutants Soil
and water in the study area, where heavy elements rise during the summer
season in the soils of the shoulders of the cultivated rivers and
decrease in the winter season, while the opposite occurred in the soil
of basins, where the concentrations of elements rise during the winter
season and decrease The study also showed a clear spatial disparity of
pollutants between the provinces, where each of the province (16/
Al-Kargouli, 15 / Jurf Al-Naddaf, 14 / Samada, 11 / Arifi, 12 / Abu
Thila, and the northern part of the 10 / Tuwaitha district) exceeded
most of the pollutants. Concentrations of heavy and toxic elements have
global determinants, while laboratory analyzes of soil and water samples
for the provinces (21 / Salman Pak North beaches, 19 / Umm Al-Ubaid, 18
/ Al-Awija, 17 / Al-Khafaji, and the southern part of 10 / Tuwaitha)
showed a decrease in the concentrations of most of the chemical and
physical elements. in those counties.
The study concluded through a quantitative statistical analysis of
agricultural production, which confirms the existence of a negative
inverse relationship Between the amount of production (y) and most of
the independent variables (xi) in the area of the bridge, as well as by
evaluating the spatial appropriateness conducted by the researcher for
the phenomenon studied in the area of the bridge, based on the spatial
analytical method for agricultural production according to the area of
each province and giving weights for the various physical and chemical
elements affecting the Soil and the amount of agricultural production
and its suitability for agriculture and in all provinces, where it
showed a negative inverse relationship for most of the elements. forcing
the citizen to Respecting the environment represented by imposing
financial fines for anyone who harms the environment, and studying the
importance of constructing new drainages to increase the efficiency of
water drainage and the continuation of irrigation of existing drainages,
since most of the drainages in the study area are neglected and closed,
as well as the maintenance of the facilities of the Diyala River
irrigation project and irrigation of its waterways of reeds and other
plants and continuity In pumping water to deliver it to all the lands
irrigated by the C river water, it is necessary to pay attention to
fertilizing the soil with organic fertilizers and to follow the correct
methods for collecting animal waste, as it is collected in special pits
for the decomposition process to take place Fertilisers Chemicals and
agricultural pesticides in a correct scientific manner and not to
overuse them, treat the sewage water of the Al-Rustumiya plant
scientifically in correct ways and not throw the wastes of the plant in
the Diyala River until after the full treatment has been carried out.
Water to study its pollution and take the necessary measures to address
it, follow up the amount of water revenue in the Diyala River and know
the factors affecting its decline, using techniques to remove pollutants
from the soil such as biodegradation through Increasing the ability of
microorganisms to naturally decompose pollutants by increasing their
numbers and activities, as well as cultivating plants that have the
ability to withdraw heavy elements from the soil. This method is called
bioreclamation of soil.
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