Introduction to
Hydrometeorology
BY
J. P. BRUCE
Environmental Management Service
Environment Canada
Ontario, Canada
AND
R. H. CLARK
Inland Waters Directorate
Environment Canada
Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
PERGAMON PRESS
OXFORD NEW YORK TORONTO
SYDNEY PARIS FRANKFURT
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
THE recent rapid development of earth sciences has given man a new insight into the nature of his environment and into possible methods of modifying or controlling this environment. Among the more important of the earth sciences are those dealing with the distribution and movement of fresh water on the globe.
Meteorology is the science dealing with the atmosphere and the movement of water Jjoth as vapour and as liquid in the air.
Hydrology is an earth science concerned with the distribution and occurrence of water on and under the earth's surface, that is, with " what happens to the rain ". Both sciences are concerned with the hydrologie cycle—the circulation of water from the oceans, through the atmosphere back to the oceans, or to the land and thence to the oceans again by overland and subterranean routes. This is the essence of the hydrologie cycle and the simplified diagram of Fig. 1.1 illustrates the cycle schematically.
The parameters of the hydrologie cycle which are most generally observed and recorded are precipitation, evaporation, lake and river levels, streamflow and groundwater. In this text the term " hydrologie data " is often used generically in reference to data on all phases of the cycle.
Full Text
0 تعليقات
شكرا لتعليقك .. سيتم الرد عليكم في اقرب وقت ممكن .
كوكب المنى